I should have though the answers to those points was bloody obvious.
If a piece of equipment is deemed transparent its presence in the signal path can be shown to be sonically undetectable. For example, replace an interconnect with a pre amp and match the gains, and if the presence of the pre amp cannot be detected, it is transparent.
Something either is or isn't transparent. There can be no subjectivity.
Sonically 'better' also needs qualifying criteria, so you can apply the term to technical performance, or as is often the case with audio, liking or disliking distortion or colouration.