Interesting, I need to learn about road wheels at some point. I've got Shimano R500s on my Lynskey which I understand are something of a budget starter set. They seem fine to me, round and spinny and stuff, but I've no benchmark. I might look to get something a bit better next year. I need to think about clinchers vs. tubeless tyres too, again something I know nothing about (currently running conventional Continental Gatorskins and inners), so that will all be part of the same decision. Any advice / opinions welcome.
Loads of bullshit about wheels, and some seriously expensive sets available. OTOH wheels make a difference, you will feel the change to lighter, stiffer, more aero (assuming you go above 25mph...).
Three types at the moment,
clincher - tyres and tubes, most common, what you run now.
tubeless - tyre without tube, requires compatible wheels and tyres. The coming thing. The rims are essentially 'clincher' but have provision for a valve and are airtight between where the tyre goes and the spokes. You can convert some standard clincher rims into tubeless setups.
tubular - the tyre is sown into a tube around an inner tube. This is then glued (or taped) to a slightly concave rim. Old fashioned but very effective.
Tubulars and tubeless setups can be loaded with a small quantity of a sealant, so most punctures will auto fix. They are also (more or less) immune to 'pinch' punctures.
Tubular rims are lighter and stiffer than clincher rims because they do not have to withstand the force of the air pressure trying to burst the tyre off the rim. Tubular tyres can therefore withstand much higher pressures, which means when you are braking on big descents you are less likely to have a blow out. This applies in spades when you use carbon wheels that reach higher temperatures under braking. Pros use tubulars for a whole bunch of good and spurious reasons.
Anyway I think you should be looking at tubeless setups. This is both the coming thing and a clear upgrade on tubes. No pinch punctures over stones or potholes, sealant to handle thorns and flints. And you can install a tube and any standard tyre on a tubeless compatible rim.
Chap I know at the LBS is running an American Classic tubeless setup with Schwalbe tyres. He likes the combo a lot, but I've no personal experience when it comes to wheels. Something to read up on...
Paul