Impressive, but fatally flawed from the off - I didn't say that Gurnah
did call the EU an empire. Neither did I directly compare the British Empire with the EU, merely pointing out that the the EU
is an empire, and of the irony of his position in regard of blaming the UK's exit from the EU as some kind of a yearning for empire.That of course is only part of what he was saying, as he was gaming the brexit vote to make other points.
Your definition of empire is very narrow. Empires don't need to be formed by defeat of nations or states in battle. They may be brutal, or relatively benign. However, a common attribute of empire is that it comprises a collective of former sovereign entities where political control is aggregated towards a centre, and away from the peripheries. It might be argued that the EU is primarily a technocratic empire, but that would entail denial of its political ambition. It has advanced the cause of political union not by battle, but to a greater or lesser degree by suppression of consent, sleight of hand, legal activism, obfuscation and denial. Its governing and lawmaking institutions are structured in such a way as to be fundamentally both
undemocratic and
anti-democratic - even their nomenclature is (deliberately) confusing. Its greatest triumph the has been the single currency, which serves to entrap and disempower the EZ members, and which must ultimately lead to fiscal, and thus full political, union. It uses its economic power to advance a kind of technocratic colonialism way beyond its borders, and its wealth to buy off the elites of poorer nations in order to exploit their resources, a more traditional form of colonialism. It doesn't shirk from malign or even brutal power in order to defend or advance the sanctity of its institutions and dogmas, to defend its borders from unwanted immigration, or its industrial power bases from geopolitical disruption. And, as I said above, it has awarded itself all the trappings of a sovereign entity. If it looks like a duck...
"Since the European Union was formed as a polity in 1993, it has established its own currency, its own citizenship, established discrete military forces, and exercises its limited hegemony in the Mediterranean, eastern parts of Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. The big size and high development index of the EU economy often has the ability to influence global trade regulations in its favor. The political scientist Jan Zielonka suggests that this behavior is imperial because it coerces its neighbouring countries into adopting its European economic, legal, and political structures.[80][81][82][83][84][85] Tony Benn, a left-wing Labour Party MP of the United Kingdom, opposed the European integration policies of the European Union by saying, "I think they're (the European Union) building an empire there, they want us (the United Kingdom) to be a part of their empire and I don't want that." Wikipedia.