Here's something you might find interesting.
Butts marked on tube by
Michael Pickwell, on Flickr
The tube closest to the camera is the downtube. In this case it's a Reynolds part number BX2110L
That particular tube has the following spec:
Material - 853
Total length - 680mm
Diameter - 31.75mm
It is a double taper butted tube, which means that it has a greater wall thickness at either end, is thinner in the middle and there is a tapered transition between the two wall thicknesses.
The wall thicknesses are 0.8mm/0.5mm/0.8mm
And the butting profile is: 120mm of 0.8mm, then a transition of 50mm, then a 300mm length at 0.5mm, then a 50mm transition up to a final 160mm section of 0.8mm again.
Before I do any cutting I mark the butts on the tube using a black maker pen (the black lines around the tube). I can then offer this up to the jig and decided where best to cut the tubes for maximum strength.
But before getting that far a great deal of time is spent deciding on the best tubes to use in the first place. Many people will be familiar with the famous Reynolds three digit numbering of their tubesets (753/531/853 etc) but the number only tell you what the material is and doesn't tell you anything about the diameter, wall thickness or butting profile etc.
For example, Reynolds make off the peg 853 options in anything from 25.4mm diameter up to 38.1mm and in wall thicknesses from 0.6/0.4 up to 0.9/0.6
The wall thickness and especially the tube diameter have far more impact on how a frame will ride than the specific steel alloy used.
A skilled frame builder will be able to select the right mix of tubes and geometry to give the customer a frame which is optimised for their body weight, riding style, budget and handling preferences etc. It's the difference between a fully tailored Savile Row suit and a off the peg suit from M&S.
I could build two 853 frames with the exact same geometry but using different tubes and they would ride utterly differently. I could make one that was ridiculously stiff and 2.5kg and another that was 1500g and very flexy. The tube selection is vitally important to how the frame will ride.