I assume that you have had a cart' connected all the time so far? If so, do you still get hum if any or all of the cart' tags are disconnected?
From only exactly what you have said so far, things do not make sense. So either I have missed something, you have written something that means something different when read, or there is something totally missing.
It is difficult to imagine how connecting the arm earth makes an already bad problem worse, just for starters.
If you did borrow a meter, you just check continuity (resistance) between all of the arm wires, the wires and the arm itself and arm wires to the earth - dead simple, tedious, but takes just a very few minutes.
I do not know the deck at all. What is the power supply cable to the TT? Is it twin or twin and earth? If twin, how is it earthed? Seperate earth cable?