I don't think any alcoholic beverage has to have a list of ingredients. Some manufacturers may choose to, of course. Likewise nutrition. In fact I don't think that nutrition is a requirement on any food unless you are making a claim, certainly that was the case years ago. Again you may choose to.The “name of food” is where you’ll see whether beer is “wheat beer” or “wheat beer with added ...”, but on many beers that will be on the back label, or down the seam of the can print, where it’s not very noticeable.
Alcoholic beverages do appear to be exempt from at least some of these requirements - last time I cared to look, I saw that liqueurs did not have to list their ingredients in the way that other foods or drinks do, and until recently beer didn’t have to provide nutritional information.
As I say I think it's optional, but as you say they won't necessarily tell you when it went in.The ingredients list on beer has to follow the same rules as other drinks, but that won’t tell you whether something was added before or after the beer was brewed.
Well, we did occasionally have an outbreak of common sense and align our laws with our neighbours and trading partners. Then 17 million bloody idiots decided that we were better off doing it all by ourselves, because it was "the will of the people".(I’m Irish, but our food labelling laws, like the UK’s, are mostly the result of five decades worth of European Directives, and before that they were always at least as strict as the UK’s, given that the UK is the largest market for Irish food and drink.)