A quick hypothetical example off the top of my head:
A CD sells for £12 retail. The retailer collects £10 minus VAT and pays the distributor the dealer price of £7. The distributor collects 20% and pays £5.60 to the label. The label pays the contracted artist a 20% royalty of £1.40 on the dealer price of £7, but it's an old deal with a packaging deduction of 15% for CD format, so that's £1.19. Of the £5.60 the label collects it will have to pay 8.5% mechanical royalties (47p) to the publisher and say £1.20 for manufacturing, so it's left with £2.74. This assumes it's a catalogue release with no recoupments for recording, mastering, promotion etc.
So in summary:
£1.19 to the artists
£2.74 to the label
£0.47 to the publisher (50-75% of which flows to writers)
This would be quite typical but deals can differ significantly.
I can guarantee you that David Byrne has made a handsome living from his career.