Interesting that.I have a bell on all 3 bikes. In the past we considered them too heavy and uncool. Nowadays I realise they are extremely useful.
Generalisation alert:-
I find it quite interesting how different people respond to the bell. There is an optimum distant to "ding" that gives people time to hear it, recognise what it is and then take any neccessary action. Young people are generally amazing, they hear it at 100 yards and immediately take sensible evasive action with no delay or dithering. The older people are, the slower the processing speed, very old people will only hear the bell when you are very close, then there is a delay of 1 or 2 seconds whilst they figure out what it is, then they look round and then panic/dither for several more seconds before taking slow but erratic action. I try really hard to pass as carefully and non-agressively as possible but it's difficult not to startle some people.
I've learnt to to look for the tiny earbuds some people use. Nothing you can do with these people - just pass as safely as possible.
I tend to find people respond better to friendly voice & I always thank you to people with dogs when they act appropriately (which they nearly always do).
Generally I reckon I’m getter fewer close passes, probably 1-2 per ride but rarely really dangerous ones.