Some perspective from a lifelong US resident in upstate NY. I'm a relatively spry 50, and have had the same employer for more than 20 years. I work at a technical university that employs over 3000 people, and we have a choice of three different medical insurance plans, all of which are very good. Being unwed (albeit living in sin for 25 years) without children, my healthcare insurance (Capital District Physicians Health Plan) costs exactly $7145 per year, with my employer covering 75% of the costs leaving the remainder being deducted from my pay. My yearly deductible (the maximum amount I'd have to pay out of pocket regardless of procedure) is $5000. Some procedures require pre-approval from my insurer (for example, I'm about to have a cardiac CT scan with contrast that required pre-approval). I've never come close to having to pay $5K for any medical procedure (and I've injured myself severely a couple of times in the last 25 years) - this unfortunately varies by plan, location, quality of insurance and the size of one's employer - smaller companies are charged more per employee since they have less employees enrolled in any given insurance plan - there is, in other words, strength in numbers as to how much one's healthcare insurance is going to cost out of pocket. Folks I know who are self-employed pay approximately $12000 per year for the equivalent coverage I have. I also consider myself lucky in that we have a large, regional health-care collective whereby most folks get locked into one provider for all services - these collective providers (there are approximately four regional networks) compete with one another, but in the end most folks eventually get settled into one regional health care network. My primary care provider, my cardiologist, my any specialist you can imagine all work under the auspices of this one network. I'm free to use a physician outside this network, but this is where that pesky deductible begins to dig in - this out of network provider may or may not adhere to the set guidelines from my insurance provider - any charges out of range would also be out of pocket. If for example, I'm injured while travelling domestically and have to seek out medical assistance, my insurance would pay only the amount had the service been provided locally, or on a scale averaged for a particular region. Prices for healthcare vary wildly all over the country; even within the same city, the same procedure performed at different hospitals can be bizarrely different in price.
I take two meds - a statin and an ACE inhibitor. 90 days supplies of each cost me approximately $1 to fill (at my current pharmacy - my old pharmacy charged me $10 for one and $5 for the other).
Dental insurance is completely separate from medical insurance. All things optometry (contacts, eyeglasses) are not covered by insurance, although yearly eye exams are covered. Ophthalmology is considered medical and is covered under health insurance. Cosmetic surgery is not covered at all.
I am all for the eradication of private healthcare insurance and demolition of the for-profit medical system we currently have, favoring something along the lines of the UK or Japanese system - all procedures have a fixed price regardless of where they are carried out or by whom; physicians and hospitals are compensated at a sane rate (there's no reason for a surgeon (or anyone for that matter) in the US to make millions of dollars per year). I would rather pay into a system that guarantees healthcare for all citizens, not just those who are employed or who can afford it. Healthcare (like education) is a basic fundamental human right - there are no downsides to having everyone educated and healthy.
If you have any other questions, feel free.